Ngữ pháp JLPT N1
- Noun / V dict + に難くないeasy to imagine / not hard to
- Noun + を余儀なくされるbe forced to / have no choice but to
- Noun (emotion) + を禁じ得ないcannot suppress (an emotion) / can't help feeling
- V negative stem + ずにはおかないwill not leave without doing / inevitably will
- V ない-form + ではおかないwill not fail to / will inevitably
- Noun + にもましてmore than / even more than (emphatic)
- Noun + をものともせず(に)braving / undaunted by / in defiance of
- Noun + (の) + いかんによらず / いかんを問わず / いかんにかかわらずregardless of / irrespective of (formal)
- Noun + ともあろう + nounof all people / someone as prominent as
- Noun + ならでは(の)unique to / distinctive of / only X has
- Noun + にあってin / at / during (formal literary)
- Noun + たる者as a (proper) X, one should / one who is X
- Noun/V + なり + noun/V + なりeither X or Y / whether X or Y
- Noun + といわず + noun + といわずwhether X or Y / all over / throughout
- Noun + であれ + noun + であれwhether X or Y / no matter if X or Y
- V dict-form + までだ / までのことだ(I'll) just / I'll simply X (if needed)
- V-た form + までのことだall I did was / it was simply because
- Plain form + とはto think that / I didn't expect that / the fact that
- Noun + に至ってはwhen it comes to / as for (extreme case)
- Noun + をおいて (+ negative)other than / except for (no one else but)
- V dict-form + ことなしにwithout doing / without even
- Noun (group / category) + きってのforemost / best in / most distinguished of
- Noun / V plain + ともなればwhen one becomes / when it comes to being
- Noun (emotion) + の至りthe height of (an emotion) / extremely
- V plain / noun + の + かたわらwhile also / alongside (doing)
- Verb ます-stem / noun + がてらwhile (also) / taking the opportunity to
- V dict-form + べからず / べからざるmust not / should not (archaic prohibition)
- V negative stem + ずにはすまない / ないではすまないcan't get by without / must inevitably do
- Number / noun + といったところだabout / approximately / around
- V volitional + にも + V potential negativecan't (do X) even if one wanted to
- V ない-stem + んがため(に)in order to / for the purpose of (literary)
- V ない-stem + んばかり(に)as if about to / looking as if
- Verb volitional + にもeven if one tried to / even attempting to
- Verb volitional + ものならif one were to X / if you dare to X
- Number + counter + たりとも + negativenot even one / not even a single
- Noun + なしに(は)without / unless
- Noun + なくして(は)without / unable to X without
- Verb dict-form + や / や否やat the moment of / as soon as (literary)
- Noun + の極みthe height of / the ultimate / extreme
- V plain / noun + の + 手前in view of / out of consideration for / for the sake of appearance
- Noun + に則って / に則りin accordance with / according to (rules, customs)
- Noun + をもってby means of / with / as of (formal)
- V plain / adj + ところを(although) at / while / in the middle of (polite apology)
- V-て form + はばからないdoes not hesitate to / declares openly
- Verb dict-form + べくもないno way to / cannot possibly
- Noun / plain form + とやらsome kind of / (I hear) something like
- V ない-form + でもないnot that I don't / it's not impossible to
- Noun + を皮切りに(して)starting with / beginning with
- Noun + を限りにwith X being the last / as of X (final)
- V plain / noun + の + 折(に)on the occasion of / when