Ngữ pháp JLPT N1
- 及ばずながらalthough my humble effort may fall short / to the best of my ability
- i-adj 〜くて / na-adj + で + なんであろうif not X, what else / what else could it be but X
- こともあろうにof all things / unbelievably / of all places
- V dict / noun + には及ばないno need to / not necessary to / not up to
- Noun + に即して / に即したin accordance with / based on / in line with
- Noun + と相まってcombined with / together with (producing X effect)
- V-たら + きりがないthere's no end to / (if you list X) it would be endless
- V-たら / V dict + が最後once X (happens), that's the end / if X, nothing can stop what follows
- i-adj / na-adj + この上ないutmost / supreme / nothing could be more
- Plain form + とされる / とされているis considered / is said to be
- Plain form + とおぼしい / とおぼしきseems to be / presumed to be
- Noun + を引き合いに (出して)citing as an example / drawing a comparison to
- あろうことか (sentence-initial)unbelievably / of all things / to make matters worse
- Plain form / noun + こそあれalthough having / although X is the case
- V volitional + とも / あろうともno matter what / whatever happens
- Noun + ぐるみwhole / entire / collectively (including X)
- いっこうに + V 〜ないnot at all / not in the slightest
- Noun + になぞらえてlikening to / comparing to (metaphorically)
- Noun + 抜きで / 抜きでは / 抜きにwithout (X) / leaving out
- 当の + nounthe very (person/thing) in question / the X in question
- Noun + を極めるreach the extreme of / master / be in the height of
- Noun / plain form + とは裏腹にcontrary to / in contrast to (expectation vs reality)
- ひいては (sentence-initial / mid-sentence)by extension / ultimately / eventually
- Noun + のよしみでfor the sake of / by virtue of the connection
- V ます-stem / i-adj / noun + ながらもalthough / even while / despite
- ただでさえeven normally / already (in an unmodified state)
- あしからず (sentence-final)please don't take it wrong / please excuse (refusal)
- まんざら + plain form + でもないnot entirely / not completely (negation hedged)
- Noun + ですらeven (literary variant of さえ)
- Noun + を尻目にdisregarding / paying no heed to
- Noun + の + こと + ながらas usual / as expected / as one would expect
- Plain form + となればif it comes to / in the event that
- Plain form + となるとwhen it comes to / if it's a matter of
- V dict-form + まじき + noununacceptable / unbecoming / should not
- Plain form / noun + の + ごとくjust as / like / as if (literary)
- Noun + ごとき (+ noun)like (a) / such as (literary, often disparaging)
- Verb dict-form / noun + に足るworth / sufficient to / deserving of
- Verb dict / noun + に堪えるcan bear / is worth (X-ing)
- Verb dict / noun + に堪えないunbearable / can't bear to / not worth
- V-て form + やまないnever stop / can't help (feeling / doing)
- Noun + を顧みずwithout regard to / disregarding
- Noun + に先駆けてahead of / before (others)
- Plain form + といえどもalthough / even though (literary)
- Plain form + と思いきやbut contrary to expectation / I thought but
- Noun + なりともat least / whatever / even just
- V dict-form + なりas soon as / right after (literary)
- Noun + なりに / なりのin one's own way / in the manner suited to
- V dict-form + が早いかas soon as / the moment that (literary)
- Noun + に鑑みてin view of / considering
- V-て form + しかるべきshould be (fittingly) / ought to be